How do you measure race?
Pigmentometer?
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Unregistered(d) |
correlate with what | ||
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You can only correlate if you can measure.
How do you measure race? Pigmentometer? |
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Unregistered(d) |
national acrobat is addressing whom? | ||
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"finally, most of your post focuses on the claim that all of humanity originated in africa, inexplicably sidestepping the fact that that my acknowledgement of THE TRUTH OF THIS CLAIM IS CENTRAL TO MY ARGUMENT! in a nutshell, humans originated in africa and evolved elsewhere."
I've read through the replies and no one has countered his argument - is this just a random copy and paste job? All too clear where Salim is coming from Ed the Red, methinks this is merely a typical expression of opinionated prejudice, a highly speculative attempt to bring into disrepute the salacious origins of a (genetically determined of course) cunning european predisposition - he claims untruthfully: "A preponderance of genetic evidence reveals the ironic fact that the same Europeans who created the idea of race and white supremacy are genetic progeny of the Africans they devalued. With this view of history, its clear that the concept of race is an insidious fiction created primarily to justify exploitation, slavery, and imperial conquest. Races second episode, The Story We Tell, explores this sordid history, tracing the origins of the racial idea to the European conquest of the New World and to the American slave system. We see how the logic of racial hierarchy, which placed Africans on the lowest rung of humanity, allowed self-professed Christians to justify the institution of racial slavery." Of course this opaque disclosure embellished with some random and insecure scientific 'fact', is intended either to increase white guilt along with white reparation or it's that transparently outworn political ploy which seeks to boost a particular group's self esteem at the expense of others. Whatever - it's a crock of you know what |
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Unregistered(d) |
What is racism? | ||
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If the mere acknowledgement of a truth is never racist, it is nevertheless clear that certain beliefs are racist even if they seem to be supported by factual evidence.
For example, if I inferred from a list of black pathologies that black people are in some way, or in several ways, innately inferior to white people, that would without question constitute a racist belief. (So, for that matter, would the belief that blacks are innately superior to whites.) The reason? Such a belief is rooted in the false premise that "black" and "white" are anthropologically coherent categories. They are not as an overwhelming consensus of anthropologists themselves assure us. Human populations vary subtly and continuously from one geographic region to another, and have for millennia; the conceptual lines drawn in the 19th century dividing humanity into three races correspond with no fixed set of biological distinctions; there is, in fact, greater genetic variation within races than among them. To cite an obvious example, South Asian Indians are variously classified as Negroids, Caucasoids, or Mongoloids by arbitrary criteria. If you prioritize skin color, you can make a case for the Indians as Negroid; if you prioritize facial features, Caucasoid, if you prioritize hair texture, Mongoloid. Given then that racial categories are anthropologically dubious, how do we account for trends (such as the statistics on black pathologies) that seem to follow them? The answer lies in the method of studying racial differences. Comparative race studies rely on self-identification by their participants; in other words, you're black if you say you're black, white if you say you're white, etc. The results of such studies, therefore, do not establish biologically rooted correlations but rather perceptually-rooted correlations . . . in the case of standardized test scores, for example, the data establish correlations between thinking of yourself as black, and scoring lower on standardized tests. Such perceptually correlated disparities are aggravated by the culture of victimization that permeates black communities a culture dominated, in recent years, by hip hop which, literally and figuratively, drums into the brains of young black people that to be black is to be racially oppressed, and which has largely succeeded, in the case of gangsta rap, in equating pathological behavior and black authenticity. The phenomenon of perceptual differences translating into actual disparities leads us, at last, to a meaningful distinction between the rhetoric of racism, which is increasingly easy to deploy, and the reality of racism, which is increasingly difficult to find. What is racism, rhetorically? It's a reflexive, irrational, all-encompassing alibi for black failure derived from a hyper-sensitivity to racially disparate outcomes; it is also, more familiarly-with few exceptions whatever a black person says it is. What is racism in reality? It's the false belief that the intellectual, moral, or spiritual potentials of individual human beings are limited by the geographic origins of their distant ancestors; it is also any action predicated on that belief. |
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Unregistered(d) |
purebreeds and mutts | ||
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re:"Mongrels are invariably more disease-resistant, fitter, smarter and tougher than pure-breeds..." disease resistant, maybe, but a (particular kind of) purebreed will always be better than a mutt at performing the specific tasks for which they were bred in the 1st place. a(n average) mutt will NOT be tougher than a(n average) pit bull (aka american staffordshire terrier), otherwise dog fights would feature mutts intead of pits. a mutt will NOT be faster than a greyhound, otherwise they would race mutts instead of greyhounds, a mutt will NOT have a better sense of smell than a bloodhound... etc. the names of the various dog breeds, as well as breeds of horses, cats, or any breed, race , or subspecies of any species testifies to the scientific validity of the concept, despite the fact that mixtures exist and that no defintion can be drawn up so that all x are within or without the concept (i'm starting to repeat myself here, but i am just trying to get reded and others to see that not all scientifically valid definitions are as claearly drawn as reded would like them; i wish he and others would look up "the line drawing fallacy" in a logic textbook at his local library: while some members of the domain"dogs" are in the penumbra [commonly known as the "grey area"] of the concept "bulldog", others are clearly within the concept's range (i.e. they are obviously bulldogs). when conducting studies on bulldogs, we would want to use these later dogs as representatives of the class "bulldog")
in the case of dogs, the breeds arose from human intervention. in the case of humans, geographically specific forces of natural selection played this role. this might mean that the penumbra of the concept "caucasian" is larger than that of the concept "bulldog"(relative to the size of the domain in question), this does not alter the scientific validity of the concept, nor the possibility of selecting specimens that are clearly within or without the concept's range for the purposes of research |
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Unregistered(d) |
my main point | ||
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i just wanted to reiterate, in the context of recent posts by klip and leviathan about racism in general, that any discussion of race is strictly about groups and not individuals. a statement about a group entails that the same statement applies to all members of the group ONLY IF the statement specifically says so (all X's are Y) I have made no such statement. the main object of my ire is the formal as well as the informal practice of affirmative action. i have a more general argument against aa of which the 1 about race/iq is 1 particular component. take education, for example: the lack of blacks at the higher levels of academia is often explained in terms of oppression for which amends must be made. in light of my posts about race/iq, it should be obvious that i think that this oppression is at most only a partial, logically secondary, explanation for the status quo. but even if i grant, STRICTLY FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT, that oppression is the sole cause of blacks' poor average academic performance, i do not understand the logic of insisting that they be proportionately represented at the better schools despite their inferior qualifications. it would seem to make much more sense if the money and energy devoted to practicing aa were instead devoted to improving black education to the point where they could achieve the test scores and grades required for admmision without aa. i feel particularly strong about this in the case of sa. if aa were rescinded, BEE policies were softened up a bit, and the "new" sa were to become in general more meritocratic (and maybe even try to get sa a little bit further down the list of murder capitals) , the markets' approval of these steps would infuse the sa economy with the kind of investments necessary to make improving the lot of poor blacks economically feasible. let's make the pie bigger instead of arguing how to divy up the slices.
at this point, we would face a dilemma: would the additional revenue be best spent on short term programs like the BIG, or on improving black education to the point where wits, rhodes, etc. were 75% black without the practice of aa? this is where my arguments about race and iq come to the fore, as i suspect that the long term benefits of the later type of investment would fail to ever materialize. i therefore favor the former approach. actually, what would be best would be some middle ground between extremely short term plans like the BIG and extremely long term plans revolving around the desire that all levels of sa society be demoraphically proportionate. what i have in mind is more technical training that would allow sa to take advantage of her unique mixture of managerial expertise and cheap labor so as to become a manufacturing center, particularly in the textile field (but not too cheap, i am not talking about a return to the admittedly exploitative measures of colonialism or apartheid; just fair market value). some people might not be happy with the perpetuation of the racial stratification that this (might) entail, but i firmly beleive that the average individual as well as all groups would be better off than they are now or than they would be under any other plan. as the governing party, the anc must decide if they favor 1) improving the average as well as the minimum status of all south african residents or if they favor 2) the creation of a small black middle class and an even smaller black upper class composed almost entirely of party favorites. we should note that if we pursue the former (1)in the short term, the later (2)will undoubtedly be realized to some extent further down the road (without the necessity of party connections), but that if we pursue (2) as our immediate goal, this will be a drag on economic growth because of the nature of such redistributive schemes, hence precluding the achievment of (1). i dont know much about the internal workings of the anc but i suspect that this is the kind of debate that differentiates zuma-type folks from manuel-type folks. on this last point, i would love to hear more from people more familiar with the anc than me. |
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Unregistered(d) |
Race | ||
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"The rocky history of the Human Genome Diversity Project has demonstrated many of the pitfalls that need to be avoided. First, we have to keep in mind the extreme fluidity of human groups. The word "race," for example, can't begin to capture the commonalities and differences of our shared history. Most African-Americans have European ancestors. All European-Americans have African ancestors. It makes no sense to talk about "races" when we are all complex mixtures of many different peoples."
www.theatlantic.com/issue...son-p4.htm |
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Unregistered(d) |
race/iq+aa | ||
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as i mentioned in my last post, my interest in race/iq stems mostly from my concern with the practice of affirmative action. if it is not appropriate to talk about race, then obviously aa as it is currently practiced should be abolished, as it is exclusively preoccupied with race. perhaps it should be replaced with income-based aa. this might be more appropriate in the us than in sa, as us economic disparities are more evenly spread out thAn in sa. we should note, however, that the us supreme court recently declared that aa was an unfortunate practice that must nevertheless be perpetuated, as this was the only way to ensure "diversity". why income based aa was not considered, and why racial diversity is the only kind that matters i dont know, but i have my sneaking suspicions. when income-based aa was introduced by the oakland, california board of ed for admission to a prestigious "magnet school", laotian immigrants and "poor white trash" kids took the majority of spots.
returning to the race/iq debate itself, mr. olson's argument has several flaws. 1) he complains that "It makes no sense to talk about "races" when we are all complex mixtures of many different peoples." despite the fact that the HGDP he is writing about uses just that term as a point of departure. when they went out looking for amerindians to collect data from, they knew who to look for didn't they? 2) he states that no mechanism can explain why higher intelligence would be naturally selected for in a cold climate such as the one experienced by the original "out of africa" emmigrants (apparently they weren't running away from bad anc govt. 3) he notes that skin colour is conferred by only a relatively small # of genes, while thousands go into the composition of the brain. this would be relavant if i were claiming that negroes don't have brains at all (literally), but doesn't do much for the discussion of iq. how many genes might be responsible for the 1 standard deviation in average iq and the lower genius (180+) rate that is being discussed? probably not much more than those necessary for the transmission of nose shape, cheekbone placement, or hair texture. |
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Unregistered(d) |
score | ||
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for those of you keeping track at home, i am up 52 phds to 0. i am assuming that mr olson is nothing more than a staff writer at atlantic mag. if reded knows otherwise i will stand corrected.
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Unregistered(d) |
I take exception to being abused | ||
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Nothing wrong with a decent mongrel.
Maori mob in Perth called Mongrel Mob [offshoot of NZ bike gang] are salt of earth. Good people are mongrels and good mongrels bite hard on the balls. |
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Unregistered(d) |
Yes | ||
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I would agree with you that a socio-economic basis for AA would be better. It is more difficult and bureaucrats are lazy so I dont think it will happen.
The contradiction of AA is that it relies on apartheid definitions of race for implementation, even when it is referred in terms of previous disadvantage. |
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GreatTacklingOne |
Mongrels | ||
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Pitbulls fight better, greyhounds run better, retrievers swim out to fetch dead ducks better etc etc
But your average Joe has to do ALL things better. Not just one or two things. That's where the mongrel comes into his own. Long live mongrelism. |
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Unregistered(d) |
why more difficult? | ||
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income would appear to be much more clearly defined than race, which is a concept with a relatively large penumbra, as you youreself have repeatedly pointed out. as i also referred to, there are differences as to the feasibility of such a plan between sa & us, with us income being more or less evenly spread along a continuum, while income in sa tends to be a pass/fail test. of course, i suppose aa is practiced in other countries besides sa & us, but i am just talking about situations i am familiar with.
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Unregistered(d) |
Income | ||
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Present income is easy, but we are looking at historical disadvantage. Each case to be evaluated on its merits would require a thorough background check.
I still like the idea. |
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Unregistered(d) |
no harm, no foul | ||
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if the disadvantage did not result in a present low income, was it really a disadvantage? do mbeki's kids need aa?
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Unregistered(d) |
Some are you are plain stupid! | ||
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Try to keep up!! Half of the "whites" of Europe and Britain have genes showing they have North African blood.
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Unregistered(d) |
Underestimate | ||
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Wrong, all of the 'whites' of Europe have African genes.
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GreatTacklingOne |
DNA | ||
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Human beings share 50% of their DNA with a banana.
We are all halfway towards bananahood. |
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Unregistered(d) |
political agendas always find pop Evolution theories useful | ||
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"all the whites of europe have african genes" ?????? keep up to date with current scientific debate before making such bold statements!
The Mitochondrial Eve of 200,000 years ago (ME for short henceforth) is NOT our common ancestor, or even common genetic ancestor. She is the most-recent common ancestor of all humans alive on Earth today with respect to matrilineal descent. That may seem like a mouthful, but without even a single one of those qualifying phrases, any description or discussion of the ME reduces to a lot of nonsense. While each of us necessarily has two parents, we get our mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA from the ovum (and hence from our mothers). Our mothers got their mitochondrial DNA from their mothers and so on. Thus, while our nuclear DNA is a mish-mash of the DNA of our four grandparents, our mitochondrial DNA is an almost exact copy of the DNA of our maternal grandmother (the match may not be exact due to mutations. In fact, the mutations in the mitochondrial DNA provide the molecular clock that allows us to determine how much time has elapsed since the ME lived). The ME represents that woman whose mitochondrial DNA (with mutations) exists in all the humans now living on Earth. That does not mean that she is our lone woman ancestor. We have ancestors who are not via matrilineal descent. For example, our father's mother (who did pass on her mitochondrial DNA to her daughters) is an example of an ancestor who is not matrilineal to us. However, she did exist at one time and was probably of the same age as our mother's mother, who is a matrilineal ancestor of ours and from whom we got our mitochondrial DNA. www.talkorigins.org/faqs/...gonhm.html Scientists based in Britain and Denmark have questioned claims made in January that DNA extracted from a 60,000 year old Australian fossil challenge the "Out of Africa" theory. In a letter published in the journal Science on June 1st, 2001*, they argue that the DNA may be contaminated, and even if it is not, it does not fall outside the range of modern human DNA variation. In January, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA published a paper by Gregory Adcock and colleagues, reporting that sequences of ancient mitochondrial DNA had been recovered from 10 Australian fossil humans. While 9 of them fitted within known human variation, it was claimed that the oldest sequence, from the 60,000 year old Mungo 3 fossil, was distinct from those of recent humans, and cast doubt on the theory that modern humans had originated in Africa. Further commentaries and media coverage claimed that the results in fact supported the alternative multiregional model of human origins. Also look up the Cambrian period: The Cambrian period which began 530 million years ago, gave rise to a riot of different basic life forms; the term Cambrian comes from the region in England, where in 1830 William Buckley, paleontologist, found the remarkable layer. Darwin was fully aware that his theory might be difficult to reconcile with the seemingly abrupt appearance of theCambrian animals. The cladist Henry Gee, speaks of the insurmountable problem of Deep Time - that the distant past cannot be recounted - he says: "Once we realize that Deep time can never support narratives of evolution, we are forced to accept that virtually everything we thought we knew of evolution is wrong" Cladists generally wish to keep tree of life studies empirical and not wishful or speculative. megasun.bch.umontreal.ca/...ution.html W. Ford Doolittle says: Lateral gene transfer could be so massive that there is no gene that would track organismal history all the way back to the begining. It doesnt make sense to talk about concepts such as a common ancestral population which still means life was invented only once, but the universal genetic code came out of a promiscuous collection of early DNA precursors; A community evolves, and eventually that community gets all the properties a modern cell has. But there was never a single cell to which we can trace it all |
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Unregistered(d) |
The state of the planet | ||
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Darwinism, despite its radical effect on science, has yet to temper the self-centered way in which we assess our place and actions in the world. Think of the shadows now falling across our planet: overpopulation, pollution, dwindling and maldistributed resources, climatic disruption, new and resurgent plagues, ethnic and religious hatred, the ravaging of forests and jungles, and the consequent loss of thousands of species per year--the greatest mass extinction, it has been said, since the age of the dinosaurs. So long as we regard ourselves as creatures apart who need only repent of our personal sins to retain heaven's blessing, we won't take the full measure of our species-wide responsibility for these calamities.
An evolutionary perspective, by contrast, can trace our present woes to the dawn of agriculture ten thousand years ago, when, as Niles Eldredge has observed, we became 'the first species in the entire 3.8-billion-year history of life to stop living inside local ecosystems.' Today, when we have burst from six million to six billion exploiters of a biosphere whose resilience can no longer be assumed, the time has run out for telling ourselves that we are the darlings of a deity who placed nature here for our convenience. We are the most resourceful, but also the most dangerous and disruptive, animals in this corner of the universe. A Darwinian understanding of how we got that way could be the first step toward a wider ethics commensurate with our real transgressions, not against God but against Earth itself and its myriad forms of life. |
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Unregistered(d) |
C&P | ||
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Well done Adam, you have learnt to cut and paste. Now try to link the bits with a coherent argument.
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